/**************************************************************************

    AVStream Simulated Hardware Sample

    Copyright (c) 2001, Microsoft Corporation.

    File:

        hwsim.cpp

    Abstract:
        
        This file contains the hardware simulation.  It fakes "DMA" transfers,
        scatter gather mapping handling, ISR's, etc...  The ISR routine in
        here will be called when an ISR would be generated by the fake hardware
        and it will directly call into the device level ISR for more accurate
        simulation.

    History:

        created 3/9/2001

**************************************************************************/

#include "avshws.h"


/*************************************************/
KDEFERRED_ROUTINE SimulatedInterrupt;

void
SimulatedInterrupt (
    IN PKDPC Dpc,
    IN PVOID DeferredContext,
    IN PVOID SystemArg1,
    IN PVOID SystemArg2
    )
{
    CHardwareSimulation* HardwareSim = (CHardwareSimulation*)DeferredContext;
    
    if (HardwareSim)
    {
        HardwareSim -> FakeHardware ();
    }
}


/**************************************************************************

    PAGEABLE CODE

**************************************************************************/

#ifdef ALLOC_PRAGMA
#pragma code_seg("PAGE")
#endif // ALLOC_PRAGMA



CHardwareSimulation::
CHardwareSimulation (
    IN IHardwareSink *HardwareSink
    ) :
    m_HardwareSink (HardwareSink),
    m_ScatterGatherMappingsMax (SCATTER_GATHER_MAPPINGS_MAX)

/*++

Routine Description:

    Construct a hardware simulation

Arguments:

    HardwareSink -
        The hardware sink interface.  This is used to trigger
        fake interrupt service routines from.

Return Value:

    Success / Failure

--*/

{

    PAGED_CODE();

    //
    // Initialize the DPC's, timer's, and locks necessary to simulate
    // this capture hardware.
    //
    KeInitializeDpc (
        &m_IsrFakeDpc, 
        SimulatedInterrupt, 
        this
        );

    KeInitializeEvent (
        &m_HardwareEvent,
        SynchronizationEvent,
        FALSE
        );

    KeInitializeTimer (&m_IsrTimer);

    KeInitializeSpinLock (&m_ListLock);

}

/*************************************************/


CHardwareSimulation *
CHardwareSimulation::
Initialize (
    IN KSOBJECT_BAG Bag,
    IN IHardwareSink *HardwareSink
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    Initialize the hardware simulation

Arguments:

    HardwareSink -
        The hardware sink interface.  This is what ISR's will be
        triggered through.

Return Value:

    A fully initialized hardware simulation or NULL if the simulation
    could not be initialized.

--*/

{

    PAGED_CODE();

    CHardwareSimulation *HwSim = 
        new (NonPagedPool) CHardwareSimulation (HardwareSink);

    return HwSim;

}

/*************************************************/


NTSTATUS
CHardwareSimulation::
Start (
    IN CImageSynthesizer *ImageSynth,
    IN LONGLONG TimePerFrame,
    IN ULONG Width,
    IN ULONG Height,
    IN ULONG ImageSize
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    Start the hardware simulation.  This will kick the interrupts on,
    begin issuing DPC's, filling in capture information, etc...
    We keep track of starvation starting at this point.

Arguments:

    ImageSynth -
        The image synthesizer to use to generate pictures to display
        on the capture buffer.

    TimePerFrame -
        The time per frame...  we issue interrupts this often.

    Width -
        The image width

    Height -
        The image height

    ImageSize - 
        The size of the image.  We allocate a temporary scratch buffer
        based on this size to fake hardware.

Return Value:

    Success / Failure (typical failure will be out of memory on the 
    scratch buffer, etc...)

--*/

{

    PAGED_CODE();

    NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;

    m_ImageSynth = ImageSynth;
    m_TimePerFrame = TimePerFrame;
    m_ImageSize = ImageSize;
    m_Height = Height;
    m_Width = Width;

    InitializeListHead (&m_ScatterGatherMappings);
    m_NumMappingsCompleted = 0;
    m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued = 0;
    m_NumFramesSkipped = 0;
    m_InterruptTime = 0;

    KeQuerySystemTime (&m_StartTime);

    //
    // Allocate a scratch buffer for the synthesizer.
    //
    m_SynthesisBuffer = reinterpret_cast <PUCHAR> (
        ExAllocatePoolWithTag (
            NonPagedPool,
            m_ImageSize,
            AVSHWS_POOLTAG
            )
        );

    if (!m_SynthesisBuffer) {
        Status = STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
    }

    //
    // If everything is ok, start issuing interrupts.
    //
    if (NT_SUCCESS (Status)) {

        //
        // Initialize the entry lookaside.
        //
        ExInitializeNPagedLookasideList (
            &m_ScatterGatherLookaside,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            0,
            sizeof (SCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY),
            'nEGS',
            0
            );

        //
        // Set up the synthesizer with the width, height, and scratch buffer.
        //
        m_ImageSynth -> SetImageSize (m_Width, m_Height);
        m_ImageSynth -> SetBuffer (m_SynthesisBuffer);

        LARGE_INTEGER NextTime;
        NextTime.QuadPart = m_StartTime.QuadPart + m_TimePerFrame;

        m_HardwareState = HardwareRunning;
        KeSetTimer (&m_IsrTimer, NextTime, &m_IsrFakeDpc);

    }

    return Status;
        
}

/*************************************************/


NTSTATUS
CHardwareSimulation::
Pause (
    BOOLEAN Pausing
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    Pause the hardware simulation...  When the hardware simulation is told
    to pause, it stops issuing interrupts, etc...  but it does not reset
    the counters 

Arguments:

    Pausing -
        Indicates whether the hardware is pausing or not. 

        TRUE -
            Pause the hardware

        FALSE -
            Unpause the hardware from a previous pause


Return Value:

    Success / Failure

--*/

{

    PAGED_CODE();

    if (Pausing && m_HardwareState == HardwareRunning) {
        //
        // If we were running, stop completing mappings, etc...
        //
        m_StopHardware = TRUE;
    
        KeWaitForSingleObject (
            &m_HardwareEvent,
            Suspended,
            KernelMode,
            FALSE,
            NULL
            );

        NT_ASSERT (m_StopHardware == FALSE);

        m_HardwareState = HardwarePaused; 

    } else if (!Pausing && m_HardwareState == HardwarePaused) {

        //
        // For unpausing the hardware, we need to compute the relative time
        // and restart interrupts.
        //
        LARGE_INTEGER UnpauseTime;

        KeQuerySystemTime (&UnpauseTime);
        m_InterruptTime = (ULONG) (
            (UnpauseTime.QuadPart - m_StartTime.QuadPart) /
            m_TimePerFrame
            );

        UnpauseTime.QuadPart = m_StartTime.QuadPart +
            (m_InterruptTime + 1) * m_TimePerFrame;

        m_HardwareState = HardwareRunning;
        KeSetTimer (&m_IsrTimer, UnpauseTime, &m_IsrFakeDpc);

    }

    return STATUS_SUCCESS;

}

/**************************************************************************

    LOCKED CODE

**************************************************************************/

#ifdef ALLOC_PRAGMA
#pragma code_seg()
#endif // ALLOC_PRAGMA

NTSTATUS
CHardwareSimulation::
Stop (
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    Stop the hardware simulation....  Wait until the hardware simulation
    has successfully stopped and then return.

Arguments:

    None

Return Value:

    Success / Failure

--*/

{
    KIRQL Irql;
    //
    // If the hardware is told to stop while it's running, we need to
    // halt the interrupts first.  If we're already paused, this has
    // already been done.
    //
    if (m_HardwareState == HardwareRunning) {
    
        m_StopHardware = TRUE;
    
        KeWaitForSingleObject (
            &m_HardwareEvent,
            Suspended,
            KernelMode,
            FALSE,
            NULL
            );
    
        NT_ASSERT (m_StopHardware == FALSE);

    }

    m_HardwareState = HardwareStopped;

    //
    // The image synthesizer may still be around.  Just for safety's
    // sake, NULL out the image synthesis buffer and toast it.
    //
    m_ImageSynth -> SetBuffer (NULL);

    if (m_SynthesisBuffer) {
        ExFreePool (m_SynthesisBuffer);
        m_SynthesisBuffer = NULL;
    }

    //
    // Protect the S/G list
    //
    KeAcquireSpinLock (&m_ListLock, &Irql);
    // 
    // Free S/G buffer 
    // 
    // 
    while (m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued > 0) {
        LIST_ENTRY *listEntry = RemoveHeadList (&m_ScatterGatherMappings);
        m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued--;
        PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY SGEntry =
            reinterpret_cast <PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY> (
                CONTAINING_RECORD (
                    listEntry,
                    SCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY,
                    ListEntry
                    )
                );
        // 
        // Release the scatter / gather entry back to our lookaside. 
        // 
        ExFreeToNPagedLookasideList (
            &m_ScatterGatherLookaside,
            reinterpret_cast <PVOID> (SGEntry)
            );
    } 

    m_NumMappingsCompleted = 0;
    m_ScatterGatherBytesQueued = 0;
    //
    // Delete the scatter / gather lookaside for this run.
    //
    ExDeleteNPagedLookasideList (&m_ScatterGatherLookaside);

    KeReleaseSpinLock (&m_ListLock, Irql);

    return STATUS_SUCCESS;

}


ULONG
CHardwareSimulation::
ReadNumberOfMappingsCompleted (
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    Read the number of scatter / gather mappings which have been
    completed (TOTAL NUMBER) since the last reset of the simulated
    hardware

Arguments:

    None

Return Value:

    Total number of completed mappings.

--*/

{

    //
    // Don't care if this is being updated this moment in the DPC...  I only
    // need a number to return which isn't too great (too small is ok).
    // In real hardware, this wouldn't be done this way anyway.
    //
    return m_NumMappingsCompleted;

}

/*************************************************/


ULONG
CHardwareSimulation::
ProgramScatterGatherMappings (
    IN PUCHAR *Buffer,
    IN PKSMAPPING Mappings,
    IN ULONG MappingsCount,
    IN ULONG MappingStride
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    Program the scatter gather mapping list.  This shoves a bunch of 
    entries on a list for access during the fake interrupt.  Note that
    we have physical addresses here only for simulation.  We really
    access via the virtual address....  although we chunk it into multiple
    buffers to more realistically simulate S/G

Arguments:

    Buffer -
        The virtual address of the buffer mapped by the mapping list 

    Mappings -
        The KSMAPPINGS array corresponding to the buffer

    MappingsCount -
        The number of mappings in the mappings array

    MappingStride -
        The mapping stride used in initialization of AVStream DMA

Return Value:

    Number of mappings actually inserted.

--*/

{

    KIRQL Irql;

    ULONG MappingsInserted = 0;

    //
    // Protect our S/G list with a spinlock.
    //
    KeAcquireSpinLock (&m_ListLock, &Irql);

    //
    // Loop through the scatter / gather list and break the buffer up into
    // chunks equal to the scatter / gather mappings.  Stuff the virtual
    // addresses of these chunks on a list somewhere.  We update the buffer
    // pointer the caller passes as a more convenient way of doing this.
    //
    // If I could just remap physical in the list to virtual easily here,
    // I wouldn't need to do it.
    //
#if !defined(_X86_)
    do
    {
        PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY Entry =
            reinterpret_cast <PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY> (
                ExAllocateFromNPagedLookasideList (
                    &m_ScatterGatherLookaside
                    )
                );

        if (!Entry) {
            break;
        }
        Entry -> Virtual    = *Buffer;
        Entry -> ByteCount  = MappingsCount;

        //
        // Move forward a specific number of bytes in chunking this into
        // mapping sized va buffers.
        //
        *Buffer += MappingsCount;
        Mappings = reinterpret_cast <PKSMAPPING> (
            (reinterpret_cast <PUCHAR> (Mappings) + MappingStride)
            );

        InsertTailList (&m_ScatterGatherMappings, &(Entry -> ListEntry));
        MappingsInserted = MappingsCount;
        m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued++;
        m_ScatterGatherBytesQueued += MappingsCount;

   }
    while(FALSE);

#else 
	for (ULONG MappingNum = 0; 
        MappingNum < MappingsCount &&
            m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued < m_ScatterGatherMappingsMax; 
        MappingNum++) {

        PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY Entry =
            reinterpret_cast <PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY> (
                ExAllocateFromNPagedLookasideList (
                    &m_ScatterGatherLookaside
                    )
                );

        if (!Entry) {
            break;
        }

        Entry -> Virtual    = *Buffer;
        Entry -> ByteCount  = Mappings -> ByteCount;

        //
        // Move forward a specific number of bytes in chunking this into
        // mapping sized va buffers.
        //
        *Buffer += Entry -> ByteCount;
        Mappings = reinterpret_cast <PKSMAPPING> (
            (reinterpret_cast <PUCHAR> (Mappings) + MappingStride)
            );

        InsertTailList (&m_ScatterGatherMappings, &(Entry -> ListEntry));
        MappingsInserted++;
        m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued++;
        m_ScatterGatherBytesQueued += Entry -> ByteCount;

    }
#endif

    KeReleaseSpinLock (&m_ListLock, Irql);

    return MappingsInserted;

}

/*************************************************/


NTSTATUS
CHardwareSimulation::
FillScatterGatherBuffers (
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    The hardware has synthesized a buffer in scratch space and we're to
    fill scatter / gather buffers.

Arguments:

    None

Return Value:

    Success / Failure

--*/

{

    //
    // We're using this list lock to protect our scatter / gather lists instead
    // of some hardware mechanism / KeSynchronizeExecution / whatever.
    //
    KeAcquireSpinLockAtDpcLevel (&m_ListLock);

    PUCHAR Buffer = reinterpret_cast <PUCHAR> (m_SynthesisBuffer);
    ULONG BufferRemaining = m_ImageSize;

    //
    // For simplification, if there aren't enough scatter / gather buffers
    // queued, we don't partially fill the ones that are available.  We just
    // skip the frame and consider it starvation.
    //
    // This could be enforced by only programming scatter / gather mappings
    // for a buffer if all of them fit in the table also...
    //
    while (BufferRemaining &&
        m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued > 0 &&
        m_ScatterGatherBytesQueued >= BufferRemaining) {

        LIST_ENTRY *listEntry = RemoveHeadList (&m_ScatterGatherMappings);
        m_ScatterGatherMappingsQueued--;

        PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY SGEntry =  
            reinterpret_cast <PSCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY> (
                CONTAINING_RECORD (
                    listEntry,
                    SCATTER_GATHER_ENTRY,
                    ListEntry
                    )
                );

        //
        // Since we're software, we'll be accessing this by virtual address...
        //
        ULONG BytesToCopy = 
            (BufferRemaining < SGEntry -> ByteCount) ?
            BufferRemaining :
            SGEntry -> ByteCount;

        RtlCopyMemory (
            SGEntry -> Virtual,
            Buffer,
            BytesToCopy
            );

        BufferRemaining -= BytesToCopy;
        Buffer += BytesToCopy;
        m_NumMappingsCompleted++;
        m_ScatterGatherBytesQueued -= SGEntry -> ByteCount;

        //
        // Release the scatter / gather entry back to our lookaside.
        //
        ExFreeToNPagedLookasideList (
            &m_ScatterGatherLookaside,
            reinterpret_cast <PVOID> (SGEntry)
            );

    }
    
    KeReleaseSpinLockFromDpcLevel (&m_ListLock);

    if (BufferRemaining) return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
    else return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    
}

/*************************************************/


void
CHardwareSimulation::
FakeHardware (
    )

/*++

Routine Description:

    Simulate an interrupt and what the hardware would have done in the
    time since the previous interrupt.

Arguments:

    None

Return Value:

    None

--*/

{

    m_InterruptTime++;

    //
    // The hardware can be in a pause state in which case, it issues interrupts
    // but does not complete mappings.  In this case, don't bother synthesizing
    // a frame and doing the work of looking through the mappings table.
    //
    if (m_HardwareState == HardwareRunning) {
    
        //
        // Generate a "time stamp" just to overlay it onto the capture image.
        // It makes it more exciting than bars that do nothing.
        //
        LONGLONG PtsRel = ((m_InterruptTime + 1) * m_TimePerFrame);
    
        ULONG Min = (ULONG)(PtsRel / 600000000);
        ULONG RemMin = (ULONG)(PtsRel % 600000000);
        ULONG Sec = (ULONG)(RemMin / 10000000);
        ULONG RemSec = (ULONG)(RemMin % 10000000);
        ULONG Hund = (ULONG)(RemSec / 100000);
    
        //
        // Synthesize a buffer in scratch space.
        //
        m_ImageSynth -> SynthesizeBars ();
    
        CHAR Text [256];
        Text[0] = '\0';
        (void) RtlStringCbPrintfA(Text, sizeof(Text), "%ld:%02ld.%02ld", Min, Sec, Hund);
    
        //
        // Overlay a clock onto the scratch space image.
        //
        m_ImageSynth -> OverlayText (
            POSITION_CENTER,
            (m_Height - 28),
            1,
            Text,
            BLACK,	
            WHITE
            );
    
        //
        // Overlay a counter of skipped frames onto the scratch image.
        //
        (void) RtlStringCbPrintfA(Text, sizeof(Text), "Skipped: %ld", m_NumFramesSkipped);
        m_ImageSynth -> OverlayText (
            10,
            10,
            1,
            Text,
            TRANSPARENT,
            BLUE
            );

        //
        // Fill scatter gather buffers
        //
        if (!NT_SUCCESS (FillScatterGatherBuffers ())) {
            InterlockedIncrement (PLONG (&m_NumFramesSkipped));
        }

    }
        
    //
    // Issue an interrupt to our hardware sink.  This is a "fake" interrupt.
    // It will occur at DISPATCH_LEVEL.
    //
    m_HardwareSink -> Interrupt ();

    //
    // Reschedule the timer if the hardware isn't being stopped.
    //
    if (!m_StopHardware) {

        //
        // Reschedule the timer for the next interrupt time.
        //
        LARGE_INTEGER NextTime;
        NextTime.QuadPart = m_StartTime.QuadPart + 
            (m_TimePerFrame * (m_InterruptTime + 1));

        KeSetTimer (&m_IsrTimer, NextTime, &m_IsrFakeDpc);
        
    } else {
        //
        // If someone is waiting on the hardware to stop, raise the stop
        // event and clear the flag.
        //
        m_StopHardware = FALSE;
        KeSetEvent (&m_HardwareEvent, IO_NO_INCREMENT, FALSE);
    }

}